The hollow piston rod is processed by turning. Turning is a method of cutting the workpiece on the lathe by rotating the workpiece relative to the tool. The cutting energy of turning is mainly provided by the workpiece rather than the tool. Turning is a relatively basic and common cutting method, which occupies a very important position in production. Turning is suitable for machining revolving surfaces. Most workpieces with revolving surfaces can be processed by turning methods, such as inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, inner and outer conical surfaces, end faces, grooves, threads, and revolving forming surfaces. The tools used are mainly turning tools. Among all types of metal cutting machine tools, lathes are the most widely used category, accounting for about 50% of the total number of machine tools. The lathe can not only use turning tools to turn the workpiece, but also use drills, reamers, taps and knurling tools for drilling, reaming, tapping and knurling operations. According to different process characteristics, layout forms and structural characteristics, lathes can be divided into horizontal lathes, floor lathes, vertical lathes, turret lathes and profiling lathes, most of which are horizontal lathes.
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